AUSTRALIA

Project Name:	Tropical River-Ocean Processes in Coastal Settings
Project Description:	The TROPICS project is a joint Australian, USA, PNG (and possibly Indonesian) project to study the terrestrial input of several large rivers of the island of New Guinea, (e.g. Sepik, Fly) to coastal waters and tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean. Major objectives of work to be done by CSIRO Oceanography would be to investigate the supply of nutrients, organics and trace metals to the equatorial region from the Sepik River.
Contact Person:	Programme Co-ordinator - Dr Gregg Brunskill Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, MC, QLD 4810, Australia g.brunskill@aims.gov.au.
	Physics/Geology - Dr George Creswell CSIRO Division of Oceanography GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia george.cresswell@ml.csiro.au
	Chemical/Biological - Dr Denis Mackey CSIRO Oceanography GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia denis.mackey@ml.csiro.au.

Project Name:	Oceans-EEZ
Project Description:	Description, based on data analysis and modelling, of the physical state of the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone. Products range from atlases of physical parameters to operational 3-dimensional, data-assimilating and primitive-equation models.
Contact Person:	Dr John Wilkin CSIRO Division of Oceanography GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. john.wilkin@ml.csiro.au

Project Name:	ASEAN Regional Ocean Dynamics Current Metering Experiment
Project Description:	Measurement of water fluxes through the Indonesian Archipelago
Contact Person:	Dr George Cresswell CSIRO Division of Oceanography GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. george.cresswell@ml.csiro.au

Project Name:	Marine Living Resources
Project Description:	Studies of the role of ocean currents in determining the cross-shelf fluxes of crustacea larvae and post-larvae, particularly in the western and southern rock lobster and northern prawn fisheries.
Contact Person:	Dr’s Alan Pearce and David Griffin CSIRO Division of Oceanography GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. alan.pearce@per.ml.csiro.au david.griffin@ml.csiro.au

Project Name:	Geological Evolution of the Australian Continental Margin
Project Description:	AGSO is undertaking a comprehensive investigation of the geological evolution of the Australian Continental Margin to: provide information to encourage and support petroleum exploration; to support Australia’s territorial claims under the UNCLOS; to support negotiations on the delineation of sea bed boundaries with neighbouring territories; and to provide geological advice in relation to the delineation of marine parks and protected areas.
Contact Person:	Dr C. Pigram Australian Geological Survey Office GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. cpigram@agso.gov.au

Project Name:	GEOMEEZ
Project Description:	An integrated Marine Geological and Oceanographic computer model for management of Australia’s EEZ (GEOMEEZ). The objectives are to integrate marine geoscience and physical oceanographic information to provide an insight into seafloor processes. Key products would include (1) a classification scheme of Australia’s Ocean Territory using sediment mobility and dominant energy regime as classification criteria: and (2) a computer model of seabed processes for use in predicting pollution dispersal, seafloor stability and habitats.
Contact Person:	Dr P.T. Harris Antarctic CRC University of Tasmania GPO Box 252C, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. p.harris@antcrc.utas.edu.au

Project Name:	Predicting Variability of Physical Ocean Processes
Project Description:	This project emphasises physical processes, water mass movement and sea surface oscillations on tropical coasts and continental margins and particular attention is given to possible links with biological, chemical, sedimentary processes, and stability of man-made structures. The unifying concept is based on the idea of fluxes and balances of mass, energy, and momentum in various time and space scales. There are three sub-projects dealing with three groups of problems: (1) Modelling ocean circulation in northern Australian seas (Dr D. Burrage, dburrage@aims.gov.au); (2) Modelling coastal and reef wave dynamics (Dr S. Massel) (3) Remote sensing of tropical waters (W. Skirving)
Contact Person:	Dr Stan Massel Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia. s.massel@aims.gov.au

Project Name:	Coastal Zone Programme (CZP)
Project Description:	This project involves studies of the Derwent River estuary and also tropical rivers in Queensland. Studies have recently started on the Huon Estuary south of Hobart.
Contact Person:	Dr Graham Harris graham.harris@cbr.for.csiro.au

BANGLADESH

Project Name:	Sedimentation on the Continental shelf off the coast of Bangladesh
Project Description:	The project will examine the sediment transport processes on the continental shelf off the coast of Bangladesh. The northern part of the shelf near the Bengal Delta is directly impacted by the sediment-water discharge through the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries. The project will examine how and where the fine-grained sediments are deposited and how the sands are being separated from the fine-grained sediments and where they (sands) are being finally deposited. The study will examine the origin and mechanism of formation of sand ridges, shoals and sedimentary islands on the continental shelf. The project will try to declinate the source of huge amounts of sand on the eastern shelf and their dynamics, specially how they will be affected by possible rise of sea level. The study will try to identify the source of heavy mineral depositions in off-shore islands and coastal areas. The project will also examine the evolution of the continental shelf off Bangladesh and how this shelf has been impacted by the plate tectonics activities of the area and the rise of Himalayas.
Contact Person:	Dr Mahmood Alam Dept of Geology, Dhaka University Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh.

BELGIUM

Project Name:	Production, Transport and Sinks of Organic Matter and Associated Elements in Marine Systems
Project Description:	The present research constitutes a part of the Belgian Impulse Programme “Global Change", a national contribution to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). It is mainly focused on continental margin boundary fluxes. The project is designed to quantify the most important fluxes and processes affecting the behaviours of components of the carbon cycle in the coastal zone and, more specifically, at the ocean margins. The final goal of this project is to develop models allowing the evaluation of various fluxes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of the elements considered in the water column. It is also an essential step to understand the importance and effects of the anthropogenic perturbations. It is a co-ordinated effort among the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and the Universite de Liege. These university teams benefit also from the technical assistance of the Management Unit of the Mathematical Model of the North Sea and the Scheldt Estuary (MUMM).
Contact Person:	Prof Roland Wollast Laboratoire Oceanographie Chimique Unversite Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine - C.P. 208 Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. rwollast@ulb.ac.be Also see under Europe an Economic Community

BRAZIL

Project Name:	Land-ocean interactions in tropical regions: Significance of mangrove areas for carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry of the Brazilian continental margin (8 - 24S).
Project Description:	The project was designed to study land-ocean interactions in tropical regions by biogeochemical process studies in the Brazilian continental margin and the adjacent mangrove areas to date and in the late Quaternary. The biogeochemistry of carbon and nitrogen is studied with respect to the small river discharge, the flat and narrow shelf and the mangrove-dominated coastline. The results should improve knowledge on terrigenous matter input to the ocean, its effects on productivity of coastal waters and carbon fixation in continental margin sediments and the relevant processes in tropical regions.
Contact Person:	Dr Venugopalan Ittekkot Institute of Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, University of Hamburg Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany.

CANADA

Project Name:	Shelf Models
Project Description:	Work on the Labrador Sea, shelf and NE Newfoundland shelf was described. Data have been collected by several programmes / agencies on currents and water properties (CASP, LIMEX, etc), and are being used to ground-truth numerical models (3D). Models include such things as ice-ocean interactions, heat and salt fluxes, wind and mixed-layer thickness. Focus is on the exchange at the shelf edge with the ocean’s interior.
Contact Person:	Dr Charles Tang Bedford Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada.

Project Name:	Continental Shelf Processes
Project Description:	Work on the eastern continental shelf margin sediments (JGOFS) was outlined. The particular focus is on carbon budgets. The importance of continental shelf / margin regions to global carbon budgets was outlined. This project focused on the processes leading to production transport and burial of carbon from varied sources.
Contact Person:	Dr B. Sundby Dept de Oceanographie, Universite de Quebec a Rimouski 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ, G5L 3A1, Canada.

Project Name:	IOS Projects
Project Description:	IOS projects of interest include particle supply, exchange at the shelf edge, hydrocarbon geochemistry, vertical particle flux, transport and sources of water from the shelf, and modelling. Other work at IOS is being done under BASE (Carmack) and PERD (Melling). It was also mentioned that there was ongoing work in the Canadian West Coast on the delivery of materials including particulates and contaminants to the Georgia Basin.
Contact Person:	R. Macdonald Institute for Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.

Project Name:	Under-ice physical oceanographic processes
Project Description:	The long term objective is to develop a clearer understanding, through field work, data analysis and modelling, of the physical oceanographic processes occurring under a complete or partial sea ice cover. In spite of several years of research activity, our knowledge of the dynamics in the upper water column under the sea ice-water interface is still inadequate. To achieve these objectives, a number of specific problems that have evolved out of recent work will be investigated. In regard to plume dynamics under sea ice, we will describe the salinity, velocity and turbulence regime of the Great Whale River plume under landfast sea ice in Hudson Bay over a wide range of river discharge values and develop a numerical model of the plume dynamics. Future applications of this research include assessing the influence of predicted effects of both hydroelectric development and predicted global warming on runoff, ice cover and coastal circulation on plume dynamics. In collaboration with C. Lin, a high resolution numerical model of Hudson Bay and surrounding waters will be developed. In a field study, we will study the generation and dissipation of internal solitons both in Monitounuk Sound and in Resolute Passage. Earlier field work showed their potential importance for mixing and upward nutrient flux in Arctic waters. In the Gulf of St Lawrence, objectives are to characterise the mixed layer over the year and determine interannual variability. The study will provide improved input to sea ice models. Analysis of field data taken recently in and adjoining the NEW polynya (NE Greenland) will be undertaken. In many of the above projects, co-operative research with biologists will allow for continuation of studies on the importance of the physical regime in controlling marine productivity.
Contact Person:	Grant Ingram Dept of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University 805 Sherbrooke St W. Montreal, PQ, H3A 2K6, Canada.

Project Name:	Open Ocean / Continental Shelf Exchanges
Contact Person:	Kenneth L. Denman Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC, V8l 4B2, Canada.

Project Name:	Regeneration versus burial of organic and inorganic carbon in continental margin sediments of Western Canada
Contact Person:	Bjorn Sundby I.N.R.S. Oceanologie

Project Name:	Palaeo-pCO2 Determination by GC/C/IRMS of C37 Alkenones in Sediments and Phytoplankton
Contact Person:	Michael J. Whiticar University of Victoria Victoria, Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.

CHILE

Project Name:	JGOFS/SAREC - Eastern Boundary Current Programme
Project Description:	The biological and chemical component, which is mainly developed by Chilean scientists, contemplates the measurement of primary production, bacterial biomass and production, zooplankton biomass and grazing, community respiration, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, chlorophyll a and other pigments. The programme also includes a meteorological component where special emphasis has been put in the comparison of coastal data with concurrent ocean data at station COSMOS and OCEMUS.
Contact Persons:	Dr Jose Rutllant Chilean Chairman of the JGOFS/SAREC Study Departamento de Geofisica Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Fax: 56 2 6353951.
	Dr Gary Shaffer European Co-ordinator JGOFS/SAREC Study Department of Geophysics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Fax: 45 35 822565.

Project Name:	Primary production and its fate in the trophic chain, and CO2 exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere in the upwelling ecosystem off Antofagasta.
Project Description:	The study area is a grid located in the north part of Chile off Antofagasta. The grid has an area of 5400 nm2 and is positioned between the coast and 90 nm offshore (latitudinal position: 22 40' S and 2400 S'). During 1996 and 1997 the programme will carry out two 25 days long cruises in the study area. The main goal of the programme is the study of carbon fluxes and their relationship with the upwelling. In order to do so a process study with simultaneous measurements of several biological, chemical and physical measurements will be conducted, such as: primary production, zooplankton ingestion and excretion (total and size fractionated), community respiration (micro and zooplankton, total and size fractionated), bacterial secondary production, phytoplankton biomass, zooplankton biomass, bacterial biomass, ocean-atmosphere C02 dissolved and particulate organic carbon, nutrients, currents and hydrographic variables.
Contact Person:	Dr Humberto Gonzalez Instituto de Biologia Marina, Universidad Austral de Chile Chile Fax: 56 63 212953.

CHINA (Beijing)

Project Name:	The formation and evolution of the radio sand ridges on the Yellow Sea floor, funded as NSFC Key Project (1993-1996).
Project Description:	The radial sand ridges are formed by reworking on the convergent tidal waves. Study of the formation and evolution of the sand ridges and channels between them is important for understanding river-ocean interaction and evolution of the sand bodies and accumulational shelf. Sedimentary sequence of the sand ridges can provide important information of the global environment changes. This project covers four themes: (1) analysis and modelling of the erosion and accumulation of the sandy sediments; (2) geomorphological and sedimentary properties and evolutional patterns of the sand ridges; (3) formation and evolution of the radial sand ridges in Qianggang Harbour area after glacier epoch; (4) remote sensing of instability of the radial sand ridges.
Contact Person:	Prof Ying Wang Nanjing University 22 Hankou Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.

Project Name:	The exchange of water and nutrient between shelf and the Kuroshio in the East China Sea, funded by NSFC (1994-1996)
Project Description:	This project comprises three parts: (1) Main processes of water exchange between shelf and the Kuroshio and their seasonal variations; (2) Role of Kuroshio frontal eddies in the water exchange between shelf and the Kuroshio; (3) Transport pattern of the nutrient at the shelf edge of the East China Sea.
Contact Person:	Prof Binghuo GUO, First Institute of Oceanology SOA, Hongdao Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.

Project Name:	Key processes of ocean flux in the East China Sea (POFLECS), funded as NSFC Key Project (1996-1999)
Project Description:	This project has been funded as one of the first five key projects in Earth Science of NSFC for the next five year plan starting from January 1996. It involves four studies: (1) Transport processes of materials from the Yangtze River and generated on the shelf of the East China Sea to the Okinawa trough. (2) Key processes of vertical fluxes of carbon and other relevant biogenic elements in the cold eddy area at the weakest horizontal advection and in the middle shelf with significant horizontal advection. (3) Sediment dynamics in the cold eddy area south east of Cheju Island. (4) Estimation of the capability of carbon fixation in the East China Sea.
Contact Persons:	Prof Dunxin Hu Institute of Oceanology, CAS 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao Shandong 266071, China.
	Prof Xiankun Lu Ocean University of Qingdao 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003, China.

Project Name:	Study of water and nutrient exchanges of the shelf and the Kuroshio water in the East China Sea
Contact Person:	Binghuo Gup First Institute of Oceanography, SOA Hongdao Rd Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.

Project Name:	Study of Carbon Flux in the South China Sea
Contact Person:	Wuying Han South China Sea Inst. of Oceanology, CAS 7 Nan-Hai Rd, Qindao, Shandong 266071, China.

Project Name:	Margin Flux in the East China Sea
Contact Person:	Dunxin Hu Institute of Oceanology, CAS 7 Nan-Hai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.